Ethio Construction

2023-07-19 15:20:54 Post-tension slab

Post-tension slab is a type of concrete slab that is reinforced with high-strength steel cables or tendons, which are tensioned after the concrete has been poured and cured.

This process helps to increase the strength and durability of the slab by applying a compressive force to the concrete, which counteracts any tensile stress that may occur due to external loads or forces. Post-tension slabs are commonly used in large commercial and residential buildings, bridges, parking garages, and other structures that require a high level of strength and stability.

They offer several benefits over traditional reinforced concrete slabs, including reduced cracking, improved load-bearing capacity, and greater flexibility in design and construction.

https://t.me/ethioengineers1 ክፈት / አስተያየት ይስጡ

2023-07-19 08:53:57 የውል ቃሎችና ድንጋጌዎች አጠቃላይ ፍረጃ /General classification of Contractual provisions/

የውል ቃላትና ድንጋጌዎች የስራውን ስፋት፣ መሰጠት የሚገባቸው አገልግሎቶችን፣ የአሰሪውና የሥራ ተቋራጩን መብትና ግዴታዎች ዝርዝር፣ የሥራ ተቆጣጣሪው/አማካሪው መሃንዲስ የስራ ድርሻዎች፣ ባለሞያዎች አሟልቶ ስለመስራት፣ የፕሮጀክት መሪ ባለሞያ  ተግባርና ሃላፊነቶች፣ የውል ቃላት ትርጉምና የመሳሰሉ አጠቃላይ ሁነቶችን የሚይዝ ሲሆን ከውሉ ጠቅላላ ሁኔታዎች በተጨማሪ ከሚሰጠው አገልግሎት የተለየ ባህሪ ጋር የሚሄዱ ልዩ ሁነቶችን/Special conditions/ እና ሥራው የሚከናወንበትን ቦታ የሚያመለክቱ ዝርዝር መረጃችን አካቶ የሚይዝ ነው፡፡

የውል ድንጋጌዎች በሥራና ከተማ ልማት ሚኒስቴር /MoWUD/፣  በኢትዮጵያ መንግስት ግዢዎች ኤጀንሲ /PPA/ ፣ እና በዓለም አቀፍ አማካሪ መሃንዲሶ ፌደሬሽን /FIDIC/ ሰነዶች ውስጥ የተለየ አቀራረጽና አቀማመጥ ይዘው የተዘጋጁ ቢሆንም አጠቃላይ ይዘታቸው ላይ ግን እምብዛም ልዩነት የላቸውም።

በመሆኑም የውል ቃላትና ድንጋጌዎችን አሁን በሃገራችን በስፋት የምንጠቀምበትን የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት ግዢዎች ኤጀንሲ /PPA/ ሰነድን በመጠቀም የውል ድንጋጌዎችን በይዘታቸው በአጠቃላይ በ6 ልንፈርጃቸው እንችላለን።እነዚህም:

1.ጊዜን የሚመለከቱ ድንጋጌዎች/Time provisions/

2. ስለክፍያ/ቀብድ/መተማመኛ/Payment related provisions/

3.የሥራ ተቋራጩ፣ የአሰሪውና፣ የመሃንዲሱ ግዴዎችና ሃላፊነቶች/Parties Obligation/

4.ውል ስለመፈፀምና ስላለመፈፀም እና  ስለሚያስከትሉት ውጤቶች ጋር ተዛማጅ የሆኑ የውል ድንጋጌዎች /Performance and Nonperformance of contract and their effect/

5.ልዩ ልዩ ሁነቶች /Conditions /

6.ባለአማራጭ ሃሳብ ድንጋጌዎች/Alternative Provisions ናቸው።

በሌላ ጊዜ በምናቀርባቸው ፅሁፎች በእያንዳዱ ስር ስለሚካተቱት ድንጋጌዎች ዝርዝርና በእያንዳንዱም ላይ ማብራሪ የምንሰጥ ይሆናል።

https://t.me/ethioengineers1 ክፈት / አስተያየት ይስጡ

2023-07-19 07:26:23 በኮንስትራክሽን ሳይት ላይ የሰራተኛ ደህንነት(safety) ቅድሚያ የሚወሰድጉዳይ ነው።

ደህንነት መጠበቂያ አንዱ እና ዋነኛው በራስ ላይ የሚደረግ ቆብ
(Helmet) ይገኝበታል።

የደህንነት መከላከያ ቆብ (Helmet) እንደየ የስራ ድርሻ እና ሀላፊነታችን በቀለም ይከፋፈላል።

እያንዳነዱን ሰው በስራ ሀላፊነት ለመለየት ይጠቅማል።

Helmet Color Code

1. White: Managers, Engineers, Supervisors and
Foremen
*
2. Blue: Electricians, Carpenters and other technical operators apart from civil workers
*
3. Green: Safety Officers
*
4. Red: Fire Fighters
*
5. Yellow: Laborers
*
6. Brown: Welders and workers with high heat application
*
7. Grey: Site Visitors

https://t.me/ethioengineers1 ክፈት / አስተያየት ይስጡ

2023-07-18 15:14:08 How to select suitable type of foundations?

1. ADEQUATE DEPTH
The foundation must have an adequate depth to prevent frost damage. For such foundations as bridge piers, the depth of the foundation must be sufficient to prevent undermining by scour.

2. BEARING CAPACITY FAILURE
The foundation must be safe against a bearing capacity failure.

3. SETTLEMENT
The foundation must not settle to such an extent that it damages the structure.

4. QUALITY
The foundation must be of adequate quality so that it is not subjected to deterioration, such as fromsulfate attack.

5. ADEQUATE STRENGTH
The foundation must be designed with sufficient strength that it does not fracture or break apart under the applied superstructure loads. The foundation must also be properly constructed in conformance with the design specifications.

6. ADVERSE SOIL CHANGES
The foundation must be able to resist long-term adverse soil changes. An example is expansive soil, which could expand or shrink causing movement of the foundation and damage to the structure.

7. SEISMIC FORCES
The foundation must be able to support the structure during an earthquake without excessive settlement or lateral movement.

https://t.me/ethioengineers1 ክፈት / አስተያየት ይስጡ

2023-07-18 12:39:21 ከ ኢንጅነር አቤሴሎም መለስ Fm addis 97.1

Series 2000: Site Clearance

ሳይቱ ለግንባታ  clear በሚደረግበት ሰአት ክሊር የተደረገውን area አጋኖ ማቅረብ
በ clearing ወቅት መፍረስ ያለበት ማንኛውም structure ካለ ስራውን አጋኖ ማቅረብ

Series 3000: Drainage Structure

የፍሳሽ ትቦዎች ሲሰሩ ቁፏሮውን፣ ግንባታውን፣ back fill ኡንም ጭምር quality ማሳነስ ... ክፍያ ላይ ግን quantity አጋኖ ማቅረብ
መንገዱን አቋርጠው የሚሄዱ ትቦዎች ( cross drainage ወይም culvert) በሚሰሩበት ጊዜ ቁፏሮ፣ backfill ፣ ግንባታውን ወዘተ quality ማሳነስና እንደነገሩ መስራት ... ክፍያ ላይ ያው የተዋዋልነው ተሰርቷል ማለት
የድንጋይ ስራዎች stone pitching፣ masonry ፣ riprap ወዘተ ስራዎችን ማጋነን
ለድልድይና ለትቦዎች ደህንነት የሚሰሩ ግንባታዎችን ማጋነን

Series 4000: Earthworks and Material Stabilisation

Road bed (( ወይም የመንገዱ የመጀመሪያው ንጣፍ ማለት ይቻላል)) ሲሰራ መጀመሪያ የነበረው ጥሩ ያልሆነ አፈር (unsuitable material) ተነስቶ ሌላ ተተክቷል ይባላል ((እውነት ሊሆንም ላይሆንም ይችላል)) ለዚህም ክፍያ አለው ... ቀጥሎም Road bed ለተሰራበት ይከፈላል ... የተሰራው መጠንና ካሊቲውን ፈጣሪ ያውቃል

ሌላው የመንገዱ ትልቁና ዋናው ወጪ Cut  እና Fill ነው ።
Cut section ሲኖር የተቆረጠውን volume አጋኖ ሪፖርት ማድረግ በተጨማሪም በቀላሉ የሚቆረጥ ወይም soft excavation ሆኖ ሳለ Hard Excavation ነው ብሎ ማስገባት ... ብሩ ይጨምራላ
Fill section ሲሆን ደሞ ያው በጥራትም ይሁን በ volume ብዙ መብላት ይቻላል። በተጨማሪ ደሞ fill ሲደረግ በ Layer ነው የሚሞላው ለምሳሌ በ25 ሳንቲም thickness ትሞላለህ ከዛ ኮምፖክት ታደርጋለህ ከዛ ክፍያ ይሰጥሃል ... ሳይት ላይ ምን ሊደረግ ይችላል መሠለህ?? ... 1 ሜትር ለመሙላት ኮንትራቱ ላይ በ25 እየተሞላ ይጠቅጠቅ ካለ 4 Layer ይኖራል ማለት ነው። 4x25 cm = 1 ሜትር ...ሳይት ላይ ግን በ2 layer ብቻ ሊሞላ ይችላል። በ50 cm ውፍረት ማለት ነው። ኮንትራክተሩ አራቴ ሰርቶ ሊያገኝ የሚገባውን በሁለት ስራ ያገኛል ማለት ነው። በዛ ላይ ከሙሉ ወጪው በግማሽ ይድናል። ለ50 ብር ስራውም 100 ይከፈለዋል።

Borrow area ለማግኘትም የተወሰኑ ንግግሮች ይኖራሉ በመሬቱ ባለ ይዞታዎችና በመንገዱ ባለቤት መሀል

Series 5000 : Sub Base, Road Base and Gravel Wearing Course

እዚህም እንደላይኛው volume በማምታታት ወይም layer በመቀሸብ ... Layer ቅሸባ ከሚገመተው በላይ አዋጭ ነው

Series 6000 - Bituminous Surfacings and Road Base

እዚህም እንደሌሎቹ volume ና layer ቅሸባ ነው።

Series 8000 - Structure

እዚህ ስር ያሉት masonry work , bridges, box and slab culvert, cofferdam, timber structures, structural steelwork ወዘተ ናቸው። እንደሚታወቀው እነዚህን ለመስራት የሚያስፈልጉት ማቴሪያሎች ፌሮ ፣ ሲሚንቶ ፣ aggregate ፣formwork ያስፈልጋል። excavation እና backfill ስራዎች ይኖራሉ .... በሌባ አእምሮ do the maths!

Series 9000 - Ancillary Work

በእዚህ ስር ያሉት gabion, mattresses, kilometer የሚያመላክቱ ኮንክሪቶች ( Kilometer Post), አስፖልቱ ላይ የሚቀቡ ቀለሞች ፣ የትራፊክ ምልክቶች ፣ guardrail ፣ ከግንባታ በኋላ አካባቢውንና borrow areaውን ወደ ተፈጥሯዊው ሁኔታ ለመመለስ የሚሰሩ ማስተካከያዎችና የእፅዋት ተከላዎች ፣ አጥሮች ፣ የእግረኛ መንገዶች ፣ ለሴፍቲ ተብለው የሚሰሩ የኮንክሪትና masonry ግድግዳዎች ወዘተ ናቸው።

መንገድ ስራ ላይ ማጭበርበርና ውሸት እንደ hobby ወይም ዝንባሌ ነው። ጥዋት ተነስተህ እስፖርት እንደምትሰራው ምናምን በቃ የመንገድ ስራ ሰራተኞች ወደዛ ያዘነብላሉ። በተለይም ከአዲስ አበባ የራቀ ቦታ ላይ ከሆነ ሌቦቹ እንደፈለጉ ይፈነጩብሃል። መንግስት የለም ወይ የሚያስብለኝ ከህዝቦች መሞት ይልቅ መንገድ ስራ ላይ የሚሠራውን ሳይ ነው። ተቆጣጣሪ ሆነህ ኮንትራክተሩ እንደአለቃ ይሆንብሃል። ተቆጣጣሪ ሆነህ ኮንትራክተሩን ብታማ እንዳንተው ተቆጣጣሪ ተብሎ የተሾመው አለቃህ ይገላምጥሀል ፣ ይነዘንዝሃል። ለምን ካልክ ብዙ ሴራዎችን እየሠሩ መሮህ እንድትሄድ ያደርጉሀል። ይሄንን ፅሁፍ የፃፍኩት ስርቆቱ በግልፅ እንዲታወቅና መፍትሄ እንዲሰጠው ነው። ነገሮቹ መዘርዘራቸውም ለእያንዳንዱ ችግር የራሳችሁን መፍትሄ እንድታስቡ ነው።

የተሻለ መፍትሄ ካላችሁ ወዲህ በሉ
...........

መፍትሔው ምንድነው??

1. የመንገድ ባለቤቶች የራሳቸውንም ሰራተኛ፣ ኮንሰልታንቱንም ይሁን ኮንትራክተሮችን ማመን የለባቸውም። ከዚህ ሰርክል ወጣ እያሉ ስራዎችን ቼክ ማድረግ።
2. የተለያዩ ምርምሮችን በማሰራት አዳዲስ የአሰራርና የቁጥጥር መንገዶችን መፍጠር
3. የሚያጋልጡ ግለሰቦችን ማበረታታት
4. መንገድ ስራ ላይ በአብዛኛው በሰርተፍኬት/ዲፕሎማ ነው የሚሰሩት። እነዚህም ሰዎች ስራ እናጣለን በሚል ስጋት የተባሉትን አሜን ብለው ነው የሚሰሩት። የተማረውን ማስገባት የተሻለ ነው።
5. የመንገዶች ባለቤቶች የተቆጣጣሪውንና የራሳቸውን ሰራተኞች ደሞዝ ቢጨምሩ ችግሩን በተወሰነ ደረጃ ይቀንሰዋል።

https://t.me/ethioengineers1 ክፈት / አስተያየት ይስጡ

2023-07-17 07:32:35 10 የ ዓለማችን ረዣዥም ህንፃዎች

1) Burj Khalifa =Dubai
2) Shanghai tower =China
3) abraj Al-bait clock tower =Saudi Arabia
4) ping An finance centre =China
5) Lotte world tower =south Korea
6) one world trade center =United States
7) Guangzhou CTF finance centre = China
8) Taipei 101 = Taiwan
9) Shanghai world financial center = China
10) international commerce center =China
https://t.me/ethioengineers1

  ክፈት / አስተያየት ይስጡ

2023-07-17 07:20:28 HOW TO CHECK QUALITY OF CEMENT AT SITE

Cement is one of the most important materials
used in construction. The strength of a structure
depends upon several factors, cement quality is one of them. To achieve the desired strength of
concrete and to increase the longevity of structure
good quality cement should always be used.
So it is important to check the quality of cement
before using. In our previous article, we have
already discussed the different types of cement and their uses in construction. Today we will discuss how to check the quality of cement at site.
To check the quality of cement we need to pass
some easy tests which are described below.

1. DATE OF PACKING:
The strength of cement decreases with time. First
of all, check the manufacturing date in the bag before using. Generally, cement should be used before 90 days from the manufacturing date.
three months stored cement decreases its strength by 20-30 %, six months stored cement decreases its strength by 30-40% and 12 months stored cement decrease its strength by 40-50%

2. CEMENT COLOR:
The cement should be uniform in color. Good
quality cement should have gray color with greenish shade.

3. CHECK FOR LUMPS:
No lumps should be present in the cement. Lumps are formed due to absorption of moisture from the climate.

4. RUBBING TEST:
Cement should feel smooth while rubbing in
between fingers. If it gives a rough feeling that
means cement is mixed with sand.

5 TEMPERATURE TEST:
Simply insert your hand into the cement bag, it should give cool feeling if its quality is good.
Otherwise, you may feel warm because of hydration reaction.

6. FLOAT TEST:
Take some amount of cement and throw it in water.
The cement should float for sometimes before it sinks in the water.

7. SETTING TEST:
Make a thick cement paste with water and immerse it in water for 24 hours.
It should be set and should not develop cracks.

8. STRENGTH TEST:
Prepare a cement block of 25 mm x 25 mm and 200 mm in length.
Now submerge it in water for 7 days. Now place it on supports 15 cm apart and load it with 34 kg weight. Block made from good cement will not show any signs of failure.

https://t.me/ethioengineers1 ክፈት / አስተያየት ይስጡ

2023-07-06 13:33:42 COMMON CONCRETE PROBLEMS AND THEIR
PREVENTION

There are many problems we might be facing during and after concreting.

To produce high quality concrete we must take some precautions to avoid those common problems during concreting.

In this article, we will discuss on common concrete problems and how to prevent them.

A) BLEEDING

Bleeding refers to as a tendency of water to appear on the top surface of concrete after finishing. Due to bleeding some measure of water (with sand particles and other cementing materials) appears at the surface of the concrete.

Following precautions should be taken to reduce bleeding in concrete.

1. Design the mix appropriately.
2. Include least water content in the mix.
3. Use greater amount of cement content.
4. Use greater amount of fine particles.
5. Utilize a little measure of air entraining
admixture

B) SEGREGATION

Segregation means separation of coarse aggregates from the concrete surface due to poor compaction.

It is generally seen in the plastic stage of concrete.

As a result honeycomb, laitance, scaling, porous
layer, bond failure etc.

can be formed in concrete.

Following precautions should be adopted to prevent segregation in concrete.

1. Design the mix appropriately.
2. Never use excessive water content.
3. Take care of handling, placing, and proper
compaction of concrete.
4. Do not allow the concrete to be dropped from more heights.
5. Use air entraining admixture.
6. Keep the formwork to be watertight.

C) LAITANCE

The appearance of cement sand particles on the
surface of freshly placed concrete is known as
laitance.

It is mainly occurred due to the bad effect of bleeding and segregation of concrete.

The bond between subsequent layers of concrete becomes weaker and as a result, laitance is developed.
Following precautions can be taken to stop the occurrence of laitance in concrete.

1. Clay, dust, silt content etc should be removed
before mixing the concrete.
2. Water-cement ratio should be maintained
properly.
3. Water should not be sprayed on the concrete
surface during finishing work.
4. Use well graded fine aggregates in the mix.
5. Add little amount of water reducing admixture in the concrete mix.

D) SCALING

Scaling is the physical deterioration of concrete in
which the surface layer of concrete broke down,
pitted or flaked away. Due to this effect concrete
surface becomes worse. Scaling can be prevented
by taking same precautions adopted for laitance.

E) PLASTIC SHRINKAGE CRACKS:

When the evaporation rate of water mixed in the concrete is greater than the bleed water of concrete, plastic shrinkage cracks are developed on the surface of the concrete. Basically, this type of cracks occurs in very hot climate.

F) DUSTING:

Dusting can be prevented by taking following precautions.
1. Maintain a suitable water/cement ratio in the
concrete.
2. Utilize dust free aggregates in the mix.
3. Guarantee appropriate hydration of concrete.
4. Avoid early surface finishing of concrete.

https://t.me/ethioengineers1 ክፈት / አስተያየት ይስጡ

2023-07-06 10:40:15 Call for Advanced Level Training

1) Building Adv. Structural Design
2) Bridge Design 
3) Project Planning & Contract Administration .

Weekend Class Starts on July8/2023
0911890392 / 0920933016

Megenagna,Marathon, No. 614
https://t.me/BeGetEngineering ክፈት / አስተያየት ይስጡ

2023-07-06 10:38:40 ፀግሽ ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት ማምረቻ ጅምላ እና ችርቻሮ መሸጫ

በበቂ ሁኔታ የምንሰጣቸው አገልግሎቶች እደ ምርጫቹ ታገኛላቹ ከበቂ ሀሳብ ጋር

1 ፕሌት በሚፈልጉት ሳይዝ ቆርጠን ቀዳዳ አበጅተን እንሰጦታለን

2 ጄቦልት በሚፈልጉት የጥርስ መጠን እናም የቁመት መጠን ጥርስ አውጥተን አጥፈን እሰጦታለን

3 እንዲሁም ላሜራ 1ሚሊም እስከ 12 ሚሊም ለማስቆረጥ ካሰቡ እኛው ቆርጠን እናስረክባለን

4 ማንኛውም ላሜራ እንዲሁም ሌላ ብረት ቀዳዳ ሚበሳ ካሎት እበሳለን

5 ያጡት እቃ እኛ በሚገርም ሁኔታ ሞደፊክ እናረጋለን


እደው ምን አለፋውት ላሜራ መቁረጫ ቶርኖ ምን ለሁሉም ይጠይቁን ከብቁ ባለሞያ ጋር ሁሉም አለ

ሌላው ብቻ ሚፈልጉት ይዘዙን በታማኝነት በተባለው ቀን ያገኛሉ

መልካም ስራ ለራስ ነው
በዚህ ይደውሉ 0913061530
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