2022-05-16 23:01:18
Geography chapter 1
Geography is the scientific study of the Earth that describes and analyses spatial and temporal variations of physical, biological and human phenomena, and their
interrelationships and dynamism over the surface of the Earth.
Geography ስንል በዋነኝነት ሰለ ምድር እና በውስጧ ስለሚከናወኑ ነገሮች ነው።
Geography is a holistic and interdisciplinary field of study contributing to the understanding of the changing spatial structures from the past to the future. Thus, the scope of Geography is the surface of the Earth .
Geography has five basic themes.
Geography በዋነኝነት 5 መገለጫዎች አሉት።
1. Location:- is defined as a particular place or position. Location can be of two types: absolute location and relative
location.
Location የምንለው የአንድ ቦታ ልዩ መገኛ ነው።
2. Place:- refers to the physical and human aspects of a location. This theme of geography is associated with toponym (the name of a place), site (the description of the features of the place), and situation (the environmental conditions of the place). Each place in the world has its unique characteristics expressed in terms of landforms, hydrology, biogeography, pedology,
characteristics and size of its human population, and the distinct human cultures.
Place የምንለው የአንድ መገኛ ቦታን ሰዋዊ እና አካላዊ መገለጫ ሲሆን በስም፣ በአከባቢው ሁኔታ፣ መልካምድራዊ መገለጫውን ጨምሮ ሌሎችም የሚያካትት ነው።
3. Human-Environment Interaction:- Humans have always been on ceaseless interaction with their natural environment. Humans have adapted to the environment in ways that have allowed them to dominate all other
species on Earth. Thus, human-environment interaction involves three distinct aspects:
dependency, adaptation, and modification.
Dependency:- refers to the ways in which humans are dependent on nature for a living.
Adaptation:- relates to how humans modify themselves, their lifestyles and their behavior to live in a new environment with new challenges.
Modification:- allowed humans to “conquer” the world for their comfortable living.
Human-Environmental interaction ስንል ደግሞ በሠው ልጅ እና በአከባቢው የሚፈጠር መስተጋብር ነው። ይህም በ የሠው ልጅ በአከባቢው ላይ የሚኖረው ጥገኝነት፣ አከባቢውን እንዲመቸው መለወጥ እና ራሱን አከባቢውን እስኪለምድ መለወጥን ያካትታል።
4. Movement:- entails to the translocation of human beings, their goods, and their ideas from one end
of the planet or place to another.
Movement የምንለው የሰውልጅን፣ እቃዎችን እንዲሁም የሀሳቦችን በመላው አለም ላይ የሚኖራቸውን እንቅስቃሴ ነው።
5. Region:- is a geographic area having distinctive characteristics that distinguishes itself from
adjacent unit(s) of space. It could be a formal region that is characterized by homogeneity in terms of a certain phenomenon (soil, temperature, rainfall, or other cultural elements like
language, religion, and economy).
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